Azumi kamar sauran
ibadodi yana da ~angarori guda biyu,~angaren
ruhi,wanda shine ba]ininsa,da kuma ~angaren
jiki,wanda shine zahirinsa.Malaman irfani ko
tasawwuf sunyi rubuce-rubuce da kuma bayanai dangane da ruhin azumi kamar yadda
malaman fi}hu sukayi rubuce-rubuce da bayanai
dangane da zahirinsa.Misali,sharu]]an
azumi,abubuwan dake inganta shi,ko kuma abubuwan dake ~ata
shi,da dai sauransu.
Wannan
janibi na ruhin azumi,janibi ne wanda yake da gayar muhimmanci wajen saninsa da
kuma kiyaye shi,domin yin haka shi zai ba mutum kamalar azumi da kuma samun
amsuwarsa wajen Allah [T].Da kuma samun abinda yake shine ma ma}asudin
wajabta mana azumin,wato ta}awa,kamar yadda
Allah [T] a cikin Alkur’ani mai girma a suratu ba}ara
aya ta 183 yake cewa, “Ya ku wa]anda suka yi
imani! An wajabta maku azumi,kamar yadda aka wajabta shi ga wa]anda
suke gabaninku,domin ku samu ta}awa.” Kuma wannan
kiyaye ruhi bai ta}aita ga azumi ba kawai,a’a,dukkan ayyuka na ibadodi
da ayyuka na ]a’a,kai hatta ma ayyuka na
mubahat,kamar cin abinci da yin barci,duk ana bu}ata
mutum ya kiyaye ruhinsu wajen aikata su.Kamar mutum yaci abinci ko yayi barci
da niyyar ya samu }arfin bauta ga
Allah [T].Ko kuma a ibadodi,misali halartar da zuciya,khushu’I,ta’azimin Allah
[T] a ciki,ko kuma misali a ayyukan ]a’a,kamar Halartar
da niyya da kuma iklasi a ciki,da dai sauransu na ruhin wa]annan
ayyuka.Ma’anar azumi a lugga ana nufin kamewa,amma a is]ilahi
malaman fi}ihu suna cewa kamewa daga wasu
abubuwa ayyanannu tun daga ketowar alfijir zuwa fa]uwar
rana.Sai dai saboda samun kamalar azumi da kuma tsayuwa da ruhinsa,bai ta}aita
ga wannan kamewa ba.Wuce nan,ana son mutum ya kame ga~o~insa baki ]aya daga sa~a
wa Allah [T],wato mutum misali,ya tsare harshensa,idanuwansa,kunnuwansa,hannayensa,}afafuwansa,da
dai sauran ga~o~insa daga abubuwan da suke haram ko makruhi. A
kan asasin haka ne,malaman irfan ko tasawwuf suka kasa azumi zuwa gida uku.Na
farko,akwai azumin awwam,wato na Aamawa.Na biyu,akwai azumi na khusus,wato na za~a~~un
bayin Allah [T].Na uku,akwai azumi na khususul-khusus,wato azumin za~a~~un
za~a~~un bayin Allah [T]. Na
farko shine Azumin kamewa daga abubuwan da aka haramta,kamar ci da sha da makamantansu.Na
biyu shine Azumin ga~o~i,wato ga~o~insa
na zahiri kamar harshensa,idanuwansa,kunnuwansa da dai sauransu ya kame su daga
sa~o.Na
uku shine Azumin zuciya,wato mutum ya kame tunaninsa daga tunanin komai in ba
Allah [T] ba.Akwai hadisai da dama da aka samo daga Manzon Allah [S] da kuma
Ahlulbayt [AS] da suke bayani,suke kuma }arfafa wannan
Azumin na ba]ini [wato na ga~o~i
da kuma zuciya],wanda yana ]aya daga cikin
ruhin Azumi. Ga
misali na hadisan.An samo daga Imam Sadi} [AS] yace, “Idan
kayi azumi,to jinka,ganinka [da wasu ga~o~i daya ambata]
suma suyi azumi,kada ranar azuminka ta zama kamar ranar da baka azumi.”Akwai
kuma hadisi da aka samo daga Manzon Allah [S] yana cewa, “Wanda ya azumci watan
Ramadan bisa imani da kiyayewa,ya kame jinsa,ganinsa,da harshensa daga
mutane,to Allah ya kar~i azuminsa,ya
kuma gafarta masa abin da ya gabatar na zunubansa da abinda ya jinkirtar.” A
wani hadisi kuma Manzon Allah [S] yana cewa; “Abubuwa biyar na ~ata
azumi,}arya,yi
da mutum [giba],ha]a
husuma,rantsuwar }arya,da kallo na
sha’awa”.Amma anan a lura,Azumin da suke ~atawa
shine azumin ~oye
ba na bayyane ba.Manzon Allah [S] ya ta~a jin wata mata
tana zagin kuyangarta alhali kuma tana azumi,sai Manzon Allah [S] yasa aka kawo
abinci,sai yace mata, “ci!”.Sai tace, “Ai ina Azumi”.Sai Manzon Allah [S] yace;
“yaya zaki zama mai Azumi alhali kin zagi kuyangarki?”Don haka Azumi ba kawai
kamewa daga abinci da abin sha bane. A
wata hu]uba
mai tsawo da Manzon Allah [S] yayi,yayin kamawar watan Ramadan,to a }arshen
hu]ubar
sai Amirul Mu’uminin Ali [AS] ya mi}e yace, “Ya Manzon
Allah [S] mene ne mafificin ayyuka a wannan watan?”Sai Manzon Allah [S] ya amsa
dacewa: “ya kai baban hasan! Mafificin ayyuka a wannan watan shine tsantseni
[kame kai] daga abubuwa da Allah ya haramta”.Mu duba wannan amsan da Manzon
Allah [S] ya bayar,na cewa mafificin aiki a watan Ramadan shine kamewa daga
ma’asi,wato sa~o.Ta nan mutum zai fahimci
muhimmancin samun tsarkaka na Nafs a zahirance da kuma ba]inance,wato
ga~o~i
na bayyane da kuma na ~oye,tun gabanin
shigar watan Ramadan.Wanda yin haka zai taimaka masa in ya shiga watan Ramadan
wajen tsayuwa da ruhin azumi da kuma samun fa’idodi na ma’anawiyya da zau}i da halawa da akan samu a cikin watan Azumi. Saboda haka idan
watan Ramadan ya kama,mutum yayi iyakar ayawarsa tun daga farkon watan har ya
zuwa }arshensa,
yaga cewa bai sa~a wa Allah [T]ba da ]aya daga cikin ga~o~insa,Harshensa
ya tsare shi daga giba,}arya,da aibanta
mutane.Idonsa ya tsare shi daga duk abubuwa da aka haramta masa ya gani,haka
nan jinsa,ya tsare shi daga abubuwan da aka haramta masa ji,da dai
sauransu.Haka nan ma zuciyarsa ya tsare ta daga dukkan sa~o
na zuciya,misali munanan zato ga juna,hassada,riya,ujub da dai sauransu. To,haka
ake so mutum ya kiyaye dukkan ga~o~insa.Domin
kiyaye ga~o~i
shi zai taimaka wa mutum wajen tsayuwa da ayyuka na ibadodi a cikin watan,domin
aikata sa~o
yana da baibaye mutum daga aikata ayyukan ]a’a,kamar
yadda wani yaje ya samu Imam Aliy [AS] yace masa kullum ya kan kwanta da nufin
tashi yayi sallar tahajjud,amma bai samun tashi,sai Imam Aliy [AS] yace masa,
“Zunubi ne suka da baibaye ka”.Haka nan akwai hadisi da aka samo daga Imam Sadi}
[AS] yana cewa, “Lalle mutum zai iya yin }arya
guda daya,sanadiyyar haka a haramta masa sallar Tahajjud”. Shi
zunubi yana da illoli masu yawan gaske ga mutum idan ya aikata.Daga cikin
illolin yana hana amsar addu’ar bawa.Ga shi kuma wannan wata ne na addu’oi,kamar
yadda aka samo daga Imam Ba}ir [AS] yana
cewa, “Bawa zai iya ro}on Allah Ta’ala
wata bu}ata,kuma
Allah ya hukunta masa biyan bu}atar,sai bawan ya
aikata wani zunubi,sakamakon haka,sai Allah yace wa mala’ika kada ka biya masa bu}ata.”
Wato a ta}aice
dai zunubi yana sa shamaki na addu’ar bawa ga biyan bu}atarsa. Haka nan daga
cikin illolin zunubi yakan gusar da ni’imar da Allah [T] yayi wa mutum ta
duniya ko ta addini,kamar yadda haka yazo daga Imam Sadi}
[AS] cewa, “Allah [T] bai yi wata ni’ima ga bawa ba,sannan ya }wace
ta, face sai saboda zunubi da bawan ya aikata”. A
ta}aice
shi zunubi guba ce mai kisa ga ruhin ]an Adam.Saboda haka
tsare ga~o~i
a cikin wannan wata, yana ]aya daga cikin
ruhin Azumi,a kasin haka ko,wato rashin tsarewa ]in
yana iya janyo ma mutum,wa’iyazu Billahi,ya kasance rabon mutum a azumi ]in
shine yunwa da kuma }ishi.kamar yadda
haka yazo a wani hadisi cewa,da yawa wani mai azumi rabonsa a ciki shine yunwa
da kuma }ishi.Allah ya kiyaye mu. Haka
nan daga cikin ruhin azumi idan mutum yayi bu]e
baki ya kasance a hali na khauf da kuma raja’a.Wato yana tsoron ko Allah [T] ya
amshi azuminsa,da kuma fatan Allah [T] ya amsa.Wato hali na tsoro da kuma
fata.Haka nan daga cikin ruhin azumi akwai mura}aba,wato
shu’urin bawa [jin]cewa Allah [T] yana ganinsa,yana jinsa,ya kuma san abinda ke
zuciyarsa.Wannan shu’urin ana son mutum yasa shi a dukkan fagage na
rayuwarsa.Ba wai a fagen azumi ba kawai.Da dai sauran abubuwa wa]an]a
malaman suluki suka kawo a matsayin ruhin azumi,wanda ba za’a iya kawo su ba
saboda gudun tsawaitawa.Amma ga mai bu}atar }arin
bayani yana iya duba littafin JAMI’US -SA’ADAT,ko littafin MAHAJJATUL BAIDA’A
na faibul-kashaniy.Duka a babin Azumi. MUHIMMANCIN WATAN RAMADAN
Sai kuma ~angare
na biyu,wato ayyukan da ake aikatawa a watan Ramadan;da farko falalar
watan.Wannan wata,wata ne mai yawan falala da kuma albarka.Wata ne wanda a
cikinsa Allah [T] yake ‘yanta bayinsa daga wuta fiye da yadda yake ‘yantawa a
sauran watannin.Wata ne wanda Allah [T] ke nunnunka ladan ayyukan bayinsa a
ciki.Wata ne a cikinsa ake bu]e }ofofin Aljannah,ake
kuma kulle }ofofin wuta.Wata ne wanda a cikinsa
ake ]aure
shai]anu.Wata
ne wanda a cikinsa Allah [T] ke gafarta zunuban bayinsa baki ]aya.Wata
ne wanda a cikinsa Allah [T] ke ]aukaka darajojin
bayinsa.Wata ne wanda a cikinsa akwai wani dare wanda ibada a cikinsa yafi
ibadar wata dubu.wato daren lailatul }adari.Wata
ne wanda a cikinsa Allah [T] yake tsarkake bayinsa yake kusanta su gare
shi.Wata ne na samun Ta}awa.Wata ne wanda yake shine shugaban watanni.A ta}aice
dai wata ne wanda yake cike da
alherai da kuma albarkoki,wa]anda ba za’a iya
lissafa su ba. AYYUKAN CIKIN WATAN RAMADAN
Sai
kuma abinda ya shafi ayyuka a wannan watan na Ramadan.wata ne wanda yake da
ayyuka na ibadodi masu yawan gaske,wanda a duk watanni 12 ba watan da ya kai
shi ayyuka na ibada.kuma wa]annan ayyuka da ake aikatawa a cikin shi wannan watan sun kasu kashi biyu.Na ]aya
akwai ayyuka na ‘Aam’,wato wa]anda ake son
aikata su tun daga farkon watan har ya zuwa }arshensa.Akwai
kuma ayyuka na ‘Khaas’,wato wa]anda ake aikatawa
a muhimman ranaku na daren 13,14,15 da daren 19,21,23 na watan.Ga mai bu}atar
ganin wa]annan
ayyuka na ‘aam’ da kuma ‘khaas’ yana iya komawa ga littafin I}bal
na sayyid ibn Dawus,ko zadul ma’ad na Allama majlisi,ko misbahul mutahajjid na
shaikh [usy.Ko
kuma littafin mafatihul jinan.Saboda haka ana so mutum ya yawaita
salloli,karatun Alkur’ani,Azkar,Addu’oi,biya ziyarori na ma’asumai [AS] da ciyarwa da dai sauransu. Haka
nan kuma ana son mutum ya }ara }aimi
wajen ibada,infa}i da kuma mujahada a goman }arshe
na watan.Ta yadda mutum yayi wa kansa tarbiyya wajen tsayawa da ire-iren wa]annan
ayyuka,bayan watan ramadan ya ]ore a haka har ya
zuwa wani watan na ramadan,in Allah [T] ya raya shi,saboda haka ake son
kowannenmu ]an uwa ko ‘yar uwa ya kasance yana da
wani tsari na ayyukan ibadodi da zasu dinga kusanta shi ga Allah [T],wanda zai
tsaya akai yana aikatawa.Daga cikin fa’idodin yin haka shine ko da mutum bai da
lafiya ko kuma yayi tafiya, to za’a cigaba da rubuta masa lada kamar ya aikata,sa~anin
idan mutum sai jefi-jefi yake yi,wato bai tsaya akai ba. Wa]annan
ayyuka malaman Irfani sun kasa su kashi hu]u sune: 1.Yaumiyyah
[na kullum] 2.Usbu’iyyah
[na mako] 3.Shahariyyah
[na wata] 4.Sanawiyyah
[na shekara] Kamar
shi wannan watan na Ramadan,Alhamdulillah,a wannan madrasah ta Ahlulbayt [AS]an
samu malamai magabata da kuma na yanzu da suka fitar da wa]annan
ayyuka sanka-sanka a cikin
littafan.Kyakkyawan misali anan shine Sayyid Ibn [awus.A
ayyuka na yaumiyyah yayi littafi mai suna falahus sa’il,a ayyuka na usbu’iyyah
yayi littafi mai suna jamalul- usbu’I,a ayyuka na shahariyya yayi littafi mai
suna Duru’ul-wa}iya,a ayyuka na sanawiyyah yayi littafi mai suna I}bal.Sauran
littafin na A’amal kamar misbahul mutahajjid,misbah na khaf’amiy, Baladul
amin,Dhiya’us Salihin,wa]anda suka rubuta
su, sun tattara wa]annan ~angarori
guda hu]u,tare
da }arfafa
wani akan wa Misali mai misbahul mutahajjid ya }arfafa
ne akan ayyukan yaumiyya da kuma na usbu’iyya,mai dhiyaus salihin ya }arfafa
ne akan ayyuka na shahriyya,domin ya kawo addu’a wadda aka samo daga Imam Aliy
[AS] ana biya ta tun daga farkon kowane wata har ya zuwa }arshensa.Wanda
littafan da aka ambata basu kawo ba,sai kuma littafin mafatihul jinan na shaikh
Abbas Al-}ummy,wanda yayi kulasar duk wa]annan
littafan da aka ambata a sama.In mutum ya bibiyi littafin mafatihul jinan zai
ga yana yawan ambaton wa]annan littafan.Wani
lokaci ma idan addu’a ta nada tsawo sai yace ka duba littafi kaza,wato cikin wa]anda
aka ambata a sama da wasunsu.Ma}asudin kawo wannan shine sanin yadda littafan suke da
kuma abinda kowannensu ya }arfafa,misali shi
mai zadul ma’ad baki ]aya ayyukan sanawiyya ya kawo. To,irin wannan ake son ma kowannenmu
ya tsara wa kansa wa]annan ayyuka,wato
ya tsara wa kansa ayyuka na yaumiyya,usbu’iyya,shahriyya,da kuma sanawiyya.Ya
kuma tsayu akai har ya koma ga Allah [T]. Daga
}arshe
muna ro}on
Allah [T] ya kar~a mana ayyukan mu da kuma
addu’oinmu,ya kuma sa mu cikin ajin bayinsa da yake ‘yantawa a cikin wannan
wata,ya kuma azurta mu da fita wannan watan na Ramadan da ta}awa.Amin.
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